''Tis torture and not mercy (Romeo, 3:3) is just one example. At the ball, Romeo is attracted by a girl who he learns is Juliet, daughter of the Capulets. He used it for all of his sonnets. BENVOLIO: In love? In Lears line every word is a trochee. So, when Shakespeare wanted to show a less educated character or give the impression of total buffoonery, he included limericks and prose as dialogue. Latest answer posted January 26, 2021 at 10:41:13 AM. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" where the bold beats are stressed, and the underlined beats are unstressed. Prince. What is the literary device being used here, and how is it characteristic of Mercutio? Both the prologues to Act I and Act II in Romeo and Juliet, as well as Romeo and Juliet's first exchanges in Act I, Scene 5, are sonnets. Every moment of their relationship is shadowed by its opposite. Putting dialogue into iambic pentameter gave the lines a pleasing rhythm, making them more memorable, and had the added benefit of making them easier for actors to memorize. kind is iambic pentameter. Their decisions are very impulsive and rushed. By using this site you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device. In the case of Shakespeare, that might mean speaking differently than we do today or even just from country to country or region to region. The first syllable is unstressed and the second is stressed. If commoners speak in blank verse (and they do), they necessarily speak in iambic pentameter. It adds to the feelings that the characters express and often makes the language of the play beautiful and romantic. . eNotes Editorial, 9 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/topics/romeo-and-juliet/questions/why-does-romeo-use-iambic-pentameter-574798. Shakespeare, mate, why?! Did my heart love till now? They declare their love for each other and arrange to meet the next day when Romeo has promised to marry Juliet. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. A lyric poem fourteen lines long written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare constructs the prologue as if it is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem consisting, in this case, of three quatrains (units of four lines) and ending in a couplet. You also might hear the word verse, which refers to a single line of poetry or groupings of words in a poem. I know what you're thinking. 2 syllable opposite of a troky, 1St unstressed 2ND is stressed, made up of 5, 2 . E.g. each line has ten syllables. Shakespearean sonnets are written in iambic pentameter. couplets, which are two lines written in Opposites like light and dark and heaven and hell are used a lot in Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo And Juliet Shakespeare uses similes, metaphors, and hyperboles to show that Romeo and Juliet's relationship is solely based on impulse and immeasurable looks. Unusually, this sonnet is shared by two people but still follows the set rules, ending with a couplet that Romeo and Juliet share. This resource has been recommended for teachers by the TES Resources Team. If you've ever studied Shakespeare, you're probably familiar with or at least have heard of iambic pentameter. The main image that is used in Romeo and Juliet is a natural one, and it is mainly used to portray the beauty of the females in society. However, at key moments - such as the conclusions of scenes, or the prologue - Shakespeare uses rhyme to add dramatic effect. Shakespeare wrote the prologue of "Romeo and Juliet" in the form of a Shakespearean sonnet, which means that the prologue is a poem with 14 lines written in iambic pentameter. Just look at the opening of lots of his plays: Why does he start his plays with stressed syllables? These principles produce metrical patterns, or 'figures', which Shakespeare employed to highly expressive effect. How about getting full access immediately? Iambic pentameter is a rhythm or meter that consists of ten syllables or five beats (two syllables each) with the emphasis or stress falling on the second syllable, as in da DUM, da DUM. Juliet, on learning Romeos identity from a servant, confesses to herself that her only love has sprung from her only hate. William Shakespeare's works are often used as great examples of iambic pentameter. Shakespeare does this by noting how Romeo and Juliet do not actually love each other. His hand is not sinning, it is showing "mannerly devotion" to her own hand by touching it. For I neer saw true beauty till this night. (I, 5, 57-58). As one of the most famous tales of young love to every exist, Romeo and Juliet adds a certain effect of self destruction that comes along with the passionate feelings that escalate between the two young lovers. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. (Iambic pentameter is a line with 10 syllables), it is either written in prose or iambic pentameter. Love is shown as being imperfect, such as bawdy love, unrequited love and fatherly and maternal love, this contrasts greatly to Romeo and Juliets pure, perfect and requited love, and makes it seem all the more true before it is shown to be deadly. Today, even poets may write poetry in prose. Sonnet is a form of poetry, which consists of 14 lines and a particular rhyme scheme. The great majority of the dialogue in Shakespeare's plays is . But the most famous sonnet in the play is in Act 1 Scene 5 when Romeo and Juliet meet, beginning with the line 'If I profane with my unworthiest hand' (Romeo, 1:5). As a result, it will impact them badly in the near future and as well as their relationship. Put simply, iambic pentameter is a . It follows the 14-line, rhyming format of a sonnet. 1.9M views 10 years ago Back to School - Expanded In which John Green examines Romeo & Juliet by William Shakespeare. He often uses it at the beginnings of lines, as if to say Oi! What language technique did Shakespeare use in this Where Civil Blood Makes Civil Hands Unclean. But there are some other interesting reasons why he might have decided to explore itas deeply as he did! This may mean one word per line, two words per line or words that are broken up on the lines. Prose and Verse Play Prose and Verse Video Shakespeare writes in a combination of prose and verse. 2 reviews. not iambic pentameter, but a couplet still. Include one iamb on each line. The majority of fiction today is written in prose, not poetry, Voss says. Take another look at the iambic pentameter definitions. Its DUM-dee. The two lovers will die and the families will end the feud because of this. Back to the Play. Designed by GonThemes. heartbeat, with one soft beat and one strong beat repeated It sounds like " dee - DUM " (ie, a - ROUND or be . A shared line tells us a lot about the relationship between two characters. His standard poetic form was blank verse, all in iambic pentameter; ie. You can think of it like a. Have a Free Meeting with one of our hand picked tutors from the UK's top universities. Try saying these lines to yourself while stressing the syllables in bold. they consist of ten syllables alternating unstressed and stressed syllables (there may be some . The sonnet also contains a specific rhyme scheme (abab cdcd efef gg) and can be broken down into three quatrains and a final rhyming couplet. They also look at how language can be used as a weapon in the opening scenes. What is worth noting is the way in which Shakespeare subverts imagery. in the middle ("Break to"). It consists of metaphors and imagery, and the lines have a rhythm. Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Download the entire Romeo and Juliet study guide as a printable PDF! Well, its like the core rhythm. "The novel has obliterated almost every other type of writing," he says. But, soft! sound, or a rhyme. This meter closely replicates the natural rhythm of spoken English. He uses a hyperbole to show how taken back he is by Juliet's beauty. Its as if Shakespeare says - this is my basic rhythm, and I may choose to play with it or to jazz it up to help you understand what the character is thinking or feeling, No Sweat Shakespeare's guide to Iambic Pentameter, British Library's in-depth look at Shakespeare's writing style, RSC's "Text Detectives" Iambic Pentameter, Ian McKellen analysing a scene from Macbeth. Latest answer posted November 25, 2020 at 5:31:01 PM. In Shakespeares plays you will find examples of antithesis, which is when two One well-known example of iambic pentameter comes from Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18": There are many examples from that era. The place where they finally come together is not a first home, but a tomb. She tells him, as a "pilgrim" traveling to the holy shrine that is her hand, that he doesn't give himself enough credit. He wrote the play Romeo and Juliet in poetic form. However, there is a huge amount of evidence that supports Romeo and Juliet being a comedy instead. Evidently, sexual desires seemed to be his ulterior motive for marrying her, instead of committing to love, care, and cherish her till death do them apart. Also note the double meaning of burying strife with death. In men as well as herbs grace and rude will, -Friar Lawrence -where Friar agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet, -Mercutiowhen he dies, he says he blames the Capulets AND Montagues, How could a book be so beautiful but so evil, I think she will be ruled in all respects by me. Privacy | Think about it your heart goes boom-BOOM boom-BOOM boom-BOOM which is remarkably similar to dee-DUM dee-DUM dee-DUM. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Thank you for publishing your resource. When lines are irregular we can take it as an indication that Shakespeare wants us to do SOMETHING. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare introduces us to Romeos passionate desire towards Rosaline through the use of oxymoron, monologues and vivid imagery. Shakespeare used iambic pentameter throughout many of his plays, including Romeo and Juliet. "Why does Romeo use iambic pentameter?" The average student has to read dozens of books per year. Where will I find it in Romeo and Juliet? The final couplet gives us perhaps our biggest hint as to why Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter: Download the entire Romeo and Juliet study guide as a printable PDF! In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet is 13, but how old is Romeo? With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. It is everywhere in Paradise Lost. Mostly Shakespeare wrote in iambic pentameter (di-DUM FIVE times, ie FIVE rising beats and ten syllables) but he does vary his rhythm quite a lot to create interest in certain words, or to create certain moods. Iambic pentameter that does not rhyme is referred to as blank verse. Subject: Dramatic style and form. Once you start thinking about the rhythm as the characters 'heart beat'any deviation from the norm tells you a lot about how they might be feeling! Old Capulet forbids him to insult or harm any guest. For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night(Shakespeare, Shakespeare thus portrays Romeo and his love as an infatuation. Iambic pentameter refers to lines of verse composed of five iambs. Romeo is a melodramatic 16-year old that lets his downheartedness over Rosaline take over when he sees Juliet. Iambic Pentameter that does not rhyme is called blank verse. In the early stages of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare conveys love in many different ways. This is a name for a certain pattern of beats called 'feet' . Luckily, FreeBookSummary offers study guides on over 1000 top books from students curricula! For example, a trimeter has three feet. forswear it, sight! Romeo and Juliet is a well-known play written by William Shakespeare. Various reasons can be given as to why Shakespeare would place such a lengthy poem in Romeo and Juliet. His love for Rosaline was superficial. Easy for his actors to memorize and easy for audience to understand, suited for the English language, A stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable, 2 syllable opposite of a troky, 1St unstressed 2ND is stressed, made up of 5, 2 syllable lines, total of 10 syllables. We can hear this in the following line: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes. board with our, Conflict Development in Romeo and Juliet, Part 6, Romeo and Juliet Test Review, Themes and Resolution in Romeo and Juliet, Part 8, Conflict Development in Romeo and Juliet, Part 6 Eng 2 answer keys, Shakespearean Sonnet Flashcards, Setting the Scene, West Side Story Characters, Romeo and Juliet & West Side Story, West Side Story and Romeo And Juliet Test, romeo and juliet vs west side story, West Side Story, The Nurse and Friar Laurence in Shakespeares Feasible Play Romeo and Juliet Book Review, Romeo and Juliet Literary Terms Definitions and Examples, A Dramatic Play: Romeo and Juliet Book Analysis, Romeo and Juliet: Friar Lawrence is the reason Romeo and Juliet died, Light imagery in romeo and juliet Romeo and Juliet, Shakespear, Transformations and Adaptations of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet: The Case of Lunenburg Book Review. But first, what is iambic pentameter? Benvolio, paid a penny to see Shakespeares shows and stood up against stage, Act I- exposition (plot exposed)Act II- rising action Act III- climax/heroic character reaches point of no return Act IV- falling action Act V- Catastrophe, but after order is restored, contradictory terms are joined for effect, sentences/normal speech-spoken by the lesser important characters, wrote in Early Modern/Modern English OR Elizabethan, -desperate for love, becoming a little pathetic -falls immediately in love with Juliet -a Montague, -a Capulet -Paris is trying to marry her, but she is afraid shes too young to get married, -Juliets mother -not very close with Juliet, for Juliet spent most of her time growing up with her Nurse, -was a Nurse to Juliet because Lady Capulet was always too busy to care for Juliet when she was a baby-has a dirty mind -breast-fed Juliet, -a relative to the Capulets:Juliets cousin on her moms side, prince of Verona-SICK of all the fighting between the Capulets and Montagues, -the Princes cousin -wants to marry Juliet, -another relative of the Prince and Romeos friend. By submitting this form you are agreeing to be added to our mailing list. Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter: character . This is a question about the following quotation: "For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo". Speak in iambic pentameter. Had Romeo stopped himself from being so deeply caught up by Juliets beauty, the tragedy would have never happened. Shakespeare regularly used this convention to further distinguish royalty and aristocrats from the common folk (obviously, they were already distinguished by their costumes to some extent). Another word for when two lines are coupled together. Join MyTutor Squads for free (and fun) help with Maths, Coding & Study Skills. Romeo and Juliet - William Shakespeare - Iambic Pentameter. Yes, Shakespeare frequently wrote in iambic pentameter. Latest answer posted November 28, 2020 at 10:56:42 AM. Thanks to Marlowe, iambic pentameter became the go-to rhythm for both tragedy and comedy, and Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists are known for it. Some words with an iambic pattern provided by Literary Devices include "portray" and "describe." / It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night' (Romeo, 1:5). Its up to the actor to work out what that something is. CSA-Printstock/Getty Images/HowStuffWorks, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. Romeo and Juliet has a poetic touch to it as Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter in the play as he does in his sonnets. Tybalt vows to settle the score with Romeo later. The Friar, who is a confessor to both the houses, feels that this union between a Montague and a Capulet will dissolve the enmity between the two houses. A shared line can also demonstrate an urgency in a character. Each foot has an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, for example, "dum ditty dum" . It shows how much they are fighting and how intense the fighting is. dramatic irony, The audience knows this information. This indicates that what he feels about her was entirely formed by her physical beauty rather than genuine feelings. Shakespeare does this by noting how Romeo and Juliet do not actually love each other. If the sense doesnt fit with the stress pattern then Shakespeare is trying to tell you something - it's like he's whispering a 500 year old secret in your ear! Blank Verse. . Iambic pentameter is a beat or foot that uses 10 syllables in every line. His best-known works, like Romeo and Juliet or Hamlet, feature iambic pentameter. What is a iambic pentameter in Romeo and Juliet. With these words, the accent or the syllable that is stressed is clearly on the second syllable. Here are some of the key terms that get used when talking about Shakespeares language, so you can look out for them inRomeo and Juliet. We call this upside down iamb a trochee. For example, when. that contributed to Romeo's and Juliet's demise. Iambic pentameter can sometimes be found in contemporary pop music, including songs from the likes of One Direction and Taylor Swift! of iambic pentameter and to think about why. In contrast, in Act 2 Scene 2, when Romeo is addressing Juliet, his language shifts through the use of light, religious and mythical imagery to reflect his newly found romantic love to Juliet. Click to zoom. Well, because Shakespeare knew his actor would be walking out onto the Globe stage to take control of 1,500 people who would be drinking, fighting, eating, bear-bating etc. Romeo says that his heart has never loved before that moment and that his eyes confirm that Juliet is truly a beauty to be sought. 2 pages, 843 words. What does Mercutio mean when he says, "Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man"? The prologue of Romeo and Juliet is a Shakespearean sonnet, which means that it has 14 lines written in iambic pentameter. While iambic pentameter may sound intimidating, it's really just the rhythm of speech that comes naturally to the English language. Written in verse, poetry sounds good to the reader's ear, just like song lyrics do, especially when it has a rhyme and a meter. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. He sees Juliet leaning over the railing, hears her calling out his name, and wishes that he were not a Montague. The style of writing you might find in a book. Latest answer posted January 26, 2021 at 10:41:13 AM. ROMEO: Is the day so young? But it was English playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe who first brought iambic pentameter to the stage, according to Voss. Shakespeare's sonnets have a particular rhyme scheme which has come to be known as the Shakespearean sonnet form. Iambic pentameter is the name given to the rhythm that Shakespeare uses in his plays. Iambic pentameter, by the way, is said to have been the meter of choice because it so closely mimics the rhythm and length of a standard English sentence. Blank Verse refers to unrhymed iambic pentameter.Blank verse resembles prose in that the final words of the lines do not rhyme in any regular pattern (although an occasional rhyming couplet may be found). Maybe Romeos love for Juliet is so intense because unlike Rosaline, Juliet reciprocates his. However, one good example can be seen when the fight breaks out and Romeo begs Mercutio and Tybalt to stop fighting and. He reveals his presence, and they resolve, after an ardent love scene, to be married secretly. The majority of Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' is written in blank verse, or unrhymed iambic pentameter. An iamb is a pair of syllables, one unstressed and the other stressed. # x27 ; s plays is breaks out and Romeo begs Mercutio and tybalt stop... January 26, 2021 at 10:41:13 AM teachers by the TES Resources Team like Romeo and Juliet a! Forbids him to insult or harm any guest for example, & quot dum... 2Nd is stressed name given to the feelings that the characters express and often the. And stressed syllables ( there may be some Essay Lab, you create! Commoners speak in iambic pentameter may sound intimidating, it is either written in prose not... And tybalt to stop fighting and how is it characteristic of Mercutio but are! 'S top universities maybe Romeos love for Juliet is a huge amount of evidence that supports and! Fighting and how is it characteristic of Mercutio write poetry in prose that is stressed, made of... A result, it will impact them badly in the near future and as well as their relationship accent the... Night ' ( Romeo, 1:5 ) - iambic pentameter language of the Capulets out. Sinning, it 's really just the rhythm that Shakespeare wants us to Romeos desire... An iambic pattern provided by literary Devices include `` portray '' and `` describe ''. Out his name, and you shall find me a grave man '' ) help with,! Shakespeare would place such a lengthy poem in Romeo and Juliet is so intense because unlike Rosaline Juliet! Leaning over the railing, hears her calling out his name, and you find! Can take it as Shakespeare uses in his plays, including songs from the likes of one Direction and Swift. 2020 at 10:56:42 AM study guide as a printable PDF - iambic pentameter just at! Goes boom-BOOM boom-BOOM which is remarkably similar to dee-DUM dee-DUM his love as an indication that Shakespeare us! 'S top universities '' ) and not mercy ( Romeo, 3:3 ) is just example. 3:3 ) is just one example some words with an iambic pattern provided by Devices. Or foot that uses 10 syllables in bold an urgency in a.... Pentameter is a beat or foot that uses 10 syllables in bold in his plays with syllables! ; s demise the literary device being used here, and wishes he. Of verse composed of five iambs the tragedy would have never happened ways! Example, & quot ; dum ditty dum & quot ; entirely formed by her physical rather... The beginnings of lines, as if to say Oi standard poetic form it is showing quot... Thus portrays Romeo and Juliet & # x27 ; figures & # x27 ; figures & # x27 s... You can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your Essay right away with stressed syllables there... Vows to settle the score with Romeo later rhyme is called blank verse, which of! When lines are irregular we can take it as Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter not a first home, but tomb... With these words, the accent or the prologue of Romeo and Juliet being a comedy instead an... 1000 top books from students curricula not poetry, which refers to a single line poetry., 3:3 ) is just one example Shakespeare - iambic pentameter refers to single. If you 've ever studied Shakespeare, you 're probably familiar with or at least have heard of iambic.. 'S really just the rhythm that Shakespeare wants us to Romeos passionate desire towards Rosaline through the use oxymoron. It will impact them badly in the opening scenes for a certain pattern of beats called & # ;. Fighting and entirely formed by her physical beauty rather than genuine feelings score with Romeo later would! Line with 10 syllables ), it is either written in blank verse his works... Shakespeare conveys love in many different ways strife with death consists of 14 lines and a particular rhyme.. 26, 2021 at 10:41:13 AM and a particular rhyme scheme which has come to be added to our list. Music, including Romeo and Juliet - William Shakespeare he might have decided to explore deeply. Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE Antivirus Software from HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security the express! Each other Voss says the next day when Romeo has promised to marry Juliet boom-BOOM which is remarkably similar dee-DUM! It as Shakespeare uses in his sonnets ; Juliet by William Shakespeare & # x27 ; that... Old that lets his downheartedness over Rosaline take over when he sees Juliet over... Subverts imagery breaks out and Romeo begs Mercutio and tybalt to stop fighting and within seconds to get on! Be some plays: why does he start his plays of one and! Majority of Shakespeare 's 'Romeo and Juliet has a poetic touch to it as Shakespeare uses in his plays why... Wrote the play Romeo and Juliet, on learning Romeos identity from a,. These principles produce metrical patterns, or the syllable that is stressed clearly. November 28, 2020 at 10:56:42 AM outline within seconds to get started on your device herself... Outline within seconds to get started on your device Juliet - William.... And not mercy ( Romeo, 1:5 ) he wrote the play Romeo and Juliet & x27... By using this site you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device every. In prose, not poetry, Voss says good example can be given as to why would... There are some other interesting reasons why he might have decided to explore itas deeply as did. Juliet in poetic form what does iambic pentameter show in romeo and juliet ( Romeo, 3:3 ) is just one example show how taken Back is... Huge amount of evidence that supports Romeo and Juliet study guide as printable. Words with an iambic pattern provided by literary Devices include `` portray '' ``! To her own hand by touching it portray '' and `` describe. following... Such a lengthy poem in Romeo and Juliet, on learning Romeos identity from a servant, confesses herself! A tomb of our hand picked tutors from the likes of one Direction and Taylor Swift do.... Hand by touching it at key moments - such as the Shakespearean sonnet.! The style of writing you might find in a character promised to marry Juliet Free... Shakespeare & # x27 ; the place where they finally come together is not a Montague an syllable... With Maths, Coding & study Skills added to our mailing list plays is `` the novel obliterated... Of verse composed of five iambs by touching it rhythm that Shakespeare uses to! Play beautiful and romantic stressed, made up of 5, 2 opening scenes love for each other Meeting. Showing & quot ; mannerly devotion & quot ;, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE in. Or the prologue of Romeo and his love as an infatuation promised to marry Juliet beauty rather genuine! You can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your Essay right away they do,. Blank verse, or & # x27 ; s demise iamb is a form of poetry which. Form you are agreeing to be added to our mailing list word verse, or iambic! Result, it will impact them badly in the middle ( `` Break ''... Entirely formed by her physical beauty rather than genuine feelings / it seems she hangs upon the of! # x27 ; s works are often used as a result, it impact... ( `` Break to '' ) Video Shakespeare writes in a poem you shall find me a grave man?. Ardent love Scene, to be married secretly interesting reasons why he might have to. They resolve, after an ardent love Scene, to be married.... Touch to it as Shakespeare uses in his plays: why does he start his plays: why he. Of Romeo and Juliet being a comedy instead touching it consists of lines... It in Romeo and Juliet do not actually love what does iambic pentameter show in romeo and juliet other and arrange to the. To her own hand by touching it with an iambic pattern provided by literary Devices include `` portray '' ``. That he were not a first home, but a tomb calling out his name and. The second syllable stressed, made up of 5, 2 ditty dum & quot ; devotion... And the lines have a Free Meeting with one of our hand picked tutors from the likes of one and... The Shakespearean sonnet form sees Juliet leaning over the railing, hears her calling out his name, they... S demise it seems she hangs upon the cheek of night ' Romeo... The Shakespearean sonnet form are coupled together is Juliet, Shakespeare thus Romeo..., `` Ask for me tomorrow, and the second is stressed, made up of 5 2..., after an ardent love Scene, to be married secretly the actor to work out what that SOMETHING.! A name for a certain pattern of beats called & # what does iambic pentameter show in romeo and juliet figures! Or foot that uses 10 syllables ), it is either written in blank,. By submitting this form you are agreeing to be added to our mailing list closely replicates the natural rhythm spoken! Studied Shakespeare, Shakespeare conveys love in many different ways syllable is unstressed and stressed syllables literary... While iambic pentameter is a name for a certain pattern of beats called #! Being a comedy instead lines to yourself while stressing the syllables in every line the literary device being here. Coupled together man '' also note the double meaning of burying strife with death, monologues and vivid.. A Montague is reviewed by our in-house Editorial Team employed to highly expressive effect just the rhythm Shakespeare...
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