Wetwood-creating bacteria get into trees through any cuts in the trunk, roots, or limbs. After initial infection, bacteria grow within their host, using the plant Waiting and hoping the problem will correct itself often results in a dead tree. Sometimes this liquid is very abundant and foul smelling. Among the most striking Insects that visit oozing slime are bumble flower beetles, a hairy species of June beetle that sometimes clusters in large numbers. Additionally, the fermented sap attracts insects like flies, ants, and maggots. Bacterial Wetwood (Slime Flux) in Trees by Carmen Sanogo, Department of Plant Pathology It is the time of the year when wetwood or slime flux might be observed on infected trees. Slime flux, or bacterial wetwood, is a bacterial disease of trees. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Cambial wetwood or surface wetwood apparently is a variation of wetwood where the disease is located in the cambium and kills the cambium causing cankers. Wetwood bacteria are both free living and common in soil and water. The bleeding can start again at the pruning cut (Fig. The fluid is a mixture of bacterial and yeast cells and water. A bacterial infection known as wetwood causes bleeding on trunks and large branches of oak trees and can resemble the bleeding associated with Sudden Oak Death. This disease is a major cause of rot in the trunks and branches of hardwood trees. ), Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945), found by Brady et al. Excessive amounts of moisture can change the color of the wood, staining the wood and producing a poor quality paper. Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating. Carter, C. J. Once in the interior of the tree, the bacteria create gas in the tree. Curiously, wetwood and the associated slime flux help protect the infected tree. Pressure increases, and ultimately, gooey liquid oozes out through gaps in the bark. With operations throughout North America, our branches have expanded, but our commitment to scientifically-based horticultural and environmental services and outstanding client service has never wavered. The gas pressure and high moisture content cause an oozing or bleeding of slime, from pruning cuts, through bark cracks and branch crotches. It is sometimes called "bacterial wetwood", as if to distinguish it from nonbacterial wetwood. Here's what you need to know about well-drained soil and how to drain waterlogged ground to improve your landscape and plants, read more. The sap eventually is forced out of the wound by . There are no good control measures for wetwood. The ooze or liquid you are seeing is called bacterial wetwood/slime flux. No effective methods exist to eliminate wetwood disease. Stipes, R. J. and Campana, R. J. Aphids, sometimes called plant lice, are soft-bodied, sucking insects. Bacteria may infect this sap causing it to darken and stain the bark, eventually taking on a foamy appearance and unpleasant odor. In some trees, particularly willow, this disease results in a white to gray foam that bubbles out from under the bark. In some trees, particularly willow, this disease results in a white to gray foam that bubbles out from under the bark. Many such approaches have encouraged the drilling of holes in affected trees. In extreme cases, affected trees might show signs of leaf scorch, dying branches, premature leaf shedding, and wilting. It is thought that wetwood is caused by bacteria that gain access to a tree's core via cracks or wounds. Wetwood, slime flux, oozing slime, or alcoholic flux all are different names of one bacterial disease in which the infected tissues (woods) are frequently discolored or water-soaked. Spraying for insects in an effort to cure slime flux is a waste of money and may actually perpetuate slime flux disease. a branch crotch, pruning cut, or wound. Program trains local gardeners to provide research-based horticulture information to Nevadans. To neutralize the bacteria and acidic properties of the fluids oozing from your tree, follow these steps: 1 - Mix 1 part bleach to 10 parts water and spray the affected areas of the tree. Also known as wetwood, slime flux is a common bacterial disease that infects many popular northern Utah species, including elm, poplar, dogwood, maple, beech and willow. Youre probably reading this article because youve noticed smelly slime flux leaking out of your tree(s). gray. DISEASE CYCLEWetwood-causing bacteria live naturally in soil and water and infect trees through CSap oozing out of an area of active wetwood. Conversely, research aimed at determining if bacteria isolated from wetwood can induce the condition has proven inconclusive. You might want to call for scheduled inspections to promote tree health. There are several species of trees susceptible to it, and elm is definitely one of them. Davey uses cookies to make your experience a great one by providing us analytics so we can offer you the most relevant content. The highest gas pressure occurs in elms from May through August. a branch crotch, pruning cut, or wound. wounds. Photo credit: William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org The characteristic symptom of wetwood is bleeding of sap or "slime-fluxing" from trunk wounds or cracks. Anthracnose is a common and destructive group of fungal pathogens that attack various shade trees. The disorder affects heartwood in some trees and sapwood in others, destroying vigor from the inside out. The slime will also kill the surrounding cambium. Symptoms may occur in the spring or fall when sap flows peak, and most commonly occurs to trees larger than 12" inches in diameter. The best management practice is to support This familiar symptom is associated withbacterial wetwoodor slime flux disease. The bacteria live off the nutrients in the tree sap. Bacterial wetwood, often referred to as slime flux, is a bole rot that afflicts hardwood trees. In most cases, the effects of both diseases are primarily aesthetically displeasing, although insect infestations at the flux can become bothersome. Alcohol flux symptoms can occur just under the bark as dark streaks in the cambium or current seasons wood. Figu re 1. 19 pp. Fertilizing wetwood-infected trees is only recommended if the tree shows nutrient deficiencies. Other preventive approaches include planting trees around areas with little to human or vehicular traffic. Master Gardeners provide free, research-based horticulture information to Nevadans. Before treatment is administered or determined for any tree condition, there needs to be proper identification of the problem. Bacterial wetwood and slime flux of landscape trees. Since slime flux is more toxic than sap, it prevents infected trees from healing and covering over its wounds. Choosing from multiple service providers enables you to make a better decision. This accumulation of liquid and gas causes that part of the tree to have a damp, dark brown appearance known as wetwood. Davey Maintains Park-Like Atmosphere In The Heart Of Cincinnati At Hard Rock Casino, Storm Response And Natural Disaster Recovery, DRG Helps Utilities Ramp Up Sustainability Efforts Using Pollinator Habitats, Environmental Design & Ecosystem Restoration, Landscape Architecture & Ecological Design, Green Infrastructure Installation, Cincinnati, OH, Addressing Climate Change Projections & The Impact. Bacterial wetwood occurs most frequently on elms, maples, poplars, oaks and birches, although it can occur on other trees as well. It involves several simple actions like hiring a licensed arborist for all your pruning needs. The emitted sap may have a reddish A partnership of Nevada counties; University of Nevada, Reno; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Expand or Collapse to view popular links for this site, Expand or Collapse to view links grouped by top level headings, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Science, Natural Resources & Environmental Science, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-03-33, Hanson Mazet, W., and Donaldson, S., 2003, Bacterial Wetwood and Alcohol Flux, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-03-33, On the campus of University of Nevada, Reno, College of Agriculture Biotechnology & Natural Resources, Las Vegas | Lifelong Learning Center (Paradise), Las Vegas | A.D. Prevention of tree stress is the best management approach. Slime flux, also known as bacterial slime or bacterial wetwood, is a bacterial disease of certain trees, primarily elm, cottonwood, poplar, boxelder, ash, aspen, fruitless mulberry and oak. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency may appear due to poor water movement within affected trees. Want to request a FREE consultation or speak to your Davey local office about your residential tree or lawn needs? In an infected tree, these bacteria feed and grow inside a tree wound and they use tree sap as their favorite source of nutrients. Young trees may wilt, whereas the vigor of older trees declines or branch dieback occurs in the upper crown. Davey Resource Group used gray and green infrastructures to solve stormwater issues at the Graduate Conference Center in Ohio. In simple terms, slime flux can be described as opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of weakened trees. The sap smells sort of fermented, right? gray. 1).The disease is not usually a serious problem but the appearance can be alarming. High pressure builds, forcing the sap to flow or flux through bark wounds and cracks. Bacterial wetwood (bacterial slime, slime flux) is a common disease that affects the central core of many shade and forest trees. 1981. To help prevent disease spread within an infected tree, keep any injection holes shallow so they do not reach the inner wetwood core. There are no effective control methods for eliminating wetwood or alcoholic flux. This site is maintained by Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment in the College of Natural Sciences. Bacterial Wetwood/Slime Flux. Many years ago, it was thought that the pressure within the tree should be relieved. Several species of bacteria includingEnterobacter, Klebsiella,andPseudomonas, HOSTAspen, cottonwood, elm, boxelder, maple, oak, linden, cherry, honeylocust, fir, poplar. Published by: Usually only trees about 10 years of age or older exhibit symptoms of wetwood, or slime flux. Alcoholic flux is primarily found in willow trees. Thank you for sending a clear picture. In shade and ornamental trees, wood becomes soaked, oozing, or bleeding in this condition. The buildup of gas pressure is a by-product of bacterial activity. Several bacterial species have been implicated. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. Within colonized heartwood tissues, wetwood bacteria help to infuse water into the wood, thriving in the anaerobic environment. A tree with this form of bole rot is trying its best to compartmentalize the damage.. The microorganisms that have been associated with disease are commonly found in soils and probably enter through wounds above and below the soil line. There is still some debate about this practice, but the consensus now is to refrain from drilling holes. 656 - Bacterial Wetwood and Slime Flux of Landscape Trees: . Weve mentioned a number of these, including preventive and professional treatments. Bleeding is not the only visual sign of wetwood. ABacterial wetwood on the main trunk. The bacteria that are associated with wetwood are commonly found in both water and soil. Once an infection has occurred, the . Wetwood often supports large populations of anaerobic bacteria from multiplegenera, none of which are known to possess any host specificity. There is no cure for bacterial wetwood. This will typically run down the trunk. There is little you can do to prevent problems with bacterial wetwood. Contact your local environmental consulting team to find out how you can partner with Davey Resource Group on your next project. 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension Landscape, Nursery and UrbanForestry Program, CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. Many affected trees were likely invaded by wetwood-associated bacteria in the seedling stage. Disinfect pruning tools between cuts with 70% ethyl alcohol or a standard household The bacteria ferment the liquid, increasing its pressure until it oozes out through a bark crack or wound. Air-borne pathogens often contaminate the sap, creating a flothy foul-smelling liquid that dries to a gray or white crust. By continuing to use this site, you accept our use of cookies. Bacterial wetwood, also known as "slime flux", is a visually frightening-looking, but typically non-lethal, disorder of many types of deciduous trees. If they do reach this core, the bacteria can spread outward. Solutions. Webmaster | About Slime Flux This bacterial condition is also known by several names like bacterial wet wood and bacterial slime. As the sap is used, oxygen in the heartwood is depleted (creating anaerobic conditions), methane is produced, the pH of the sap is increased (pH 6 in healthy trees to pH 7 to 8 in wetwood), and a high pressure develops in the wood (60 psi in affected trees vs. 5-10 psi in wetwood-free trees). Slime flux is caused by a bacterial infection in the inner sapwood and outer heartwood areas of the tree and is normally associated with wounding or environmental stress, or both. If the fluxing is noted soon enough, the tree can be saved. If tissue on the edge of the wound begins to flux, a spot of diseased tissue may have been missed. In simple terms, slime flux can be described as opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of weakened trees. Keeping the tree healthy and practicing proper pruning techniques and plant health care are the best ways to keep the tree from being affected by this bacteria. There are multiple ways by which you can treat this bacterial disease. Particularly dangerous types of bacterioses are bacterial wetwood (other names for the disease include flux slime, bacterial slime, bacterial dropsy, etc. However, slime flux can and should be treated to prevent severe bark damage to your tree. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. This prevents the unsightly slime from running down the trunk or killing the grass, but does not eliminate the infection. Trees should be kept moist throughout the year to prevent stress. wounds. Purdue Landscape Report: Slime flux (also known as wet wood) is a dark, foul-smelling and unsightly seepage of sap from tree trunks (fig. Bacteria associated with wetwood are common in soil and water and probably enter trees while still young through root wounds. To limit the unsightly staining of bark caused by bacterial wetwood, try to identify where the ooze is exiting from the trunk and insert a long, plastic tube at this location to direct the ooze away from the trunk and to the ground at the base of the tree. Several bacteria, including species of Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, often are associated with wetwood. In Colorado, the disease is most prevalent in aspen, cottonwood, elm and willow. It should be remembered, however, that the insects have not caused the disease nor do they spread it. This is another form of preventive control or treatment that reduces the potential of disease and pest infestation. This bacterial condition is also known by several names like bacterial wet wood and bacterial slime. CSU A-Z Search To identify wetwood, look for a yellow-brown discoloration on the trunk or branches. This slimy ooze becomes toxic to the bark and eats into the tree. 2005. It is known that although the unsightly bacterial slime flux may last several months and recur for many years, it's mainly an aesthetics problem. That is likely bacterial wetwood (also called slime flux), and it does not necessarily mean the tree is sick but can mean a weakened crotch attachment. Hanson Mazet, W., and Donaldson, S., 2003, Bacterial Wetwood and Alcohol Flux, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-03-33, An EEO/AA Institution. Trees affected by wetwood develop stained areas . Bacterial Wetwood and Slime Flux. It results in a water-soaked, oozing or bleeding condition of wood, which occurs in the trunk, branches and roots of shade and ornamental trees. However, pruning may not stop the fluxing. . Bacterial wetwood (also known as slime flux) is a condition that causes some substances to become soggy. How do I save a tree with bacterial wetwood? on commercial properties across North America. Dr. Daniel Herms, Vice President of Research & Development at Davey, shares recent climate change data and projections. Talk to our team of industry leaders to learn how we've provided solutions to other utilities with similar challenges and goals. Over time, the infection causes the sap to ferment and produce gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide. In fact, some wetwood has very low levels of bacteria. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Some of the most commonly affected species in New Mexico include: elm, willow, This thick, slime-like fluid is often dark in color as it streams down branches or the main trunk. Foliage, young shoots and grass die if slime flux drips on them. These vertical streaks result from a slimy liquid oozing out of cracks or wounds and running down the bark called 'slime flux'. Bacteria enter from the soil into bark inclusions in the root flare or air into included branch unions or wounds, and colonizes the heartwood of trees. In reality, there are no active measures to effectively treat the bole rot caused by slime flux disease. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. The elm trees that line boulevards in many communities are a prime place to spot these wet, slimy weeping spots, but a number of other trees can also exhibit the symptoms. The emitted sap may have a reddish From wetlands and streams to stormwater management and tree inventories, we offer turn-key solutions for clients nationwide. The excess sap should be wiped from the tree to discourage hungry insects. processes. Its essential when seeking professional help to only patronize licensed and trained arborists. Affected trees may show discolored and water-soaked areas of After colonization by various bacteria and yeasts, the liquid becomes slimy and is often called slime flux. sap as a nutrient source and emitting gasses which are produced during fermentation It is characterized by light or dark-colored vertical streaks of residue on tree bark. The seepage is typically a sour smell that comes from the trunk of the tree. DRG helps utilities such as PHI and BGE enroll and stay compliant in programs like the Monarch CCAA that put environmental conservation at the forefront of ROW vegetation management. Affected trees will usually overcome the problem themselves and seal off the damage. The liquid is a mixture of the wetwood bacteria, Branches affected by bacterial wetwood can be pruned In most cases, neither wetwood nor alcoholic flux is very serious. When trees are accidentally injured, youll do well to call for professional treatment. In this article, youll find information on the disease, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. CSU Horticulture Agents and Specialists Blog, Integrated Beehive Management in Colorado. Wetwood also causes warpage and splitting problems when boards cut from affected trees are dried. This practice also introduces more oxygen into the trees system and can possibly allow wood decay. However, you can do a few things to help the tree that is suffering from bacterial wetwood. Fermentation produces the offensive odor and slime, but attempting to alleviate the problem by inserting a tube does not relieve the problem. Also called slime flux, wetwood is a bacterial disease that is common in poplar and elm trees, but which can also affect maples, magnolias and oaks. The best treatment approach is usually the preventive type. Additionally, the hungry insects are most likely harmless. Your email address will not be published. Disinfect pruning tools between cuts with 70% ethyl alcohol or a standard household appear yellow, olive-green, or dark brown in color. Guy Knowledge Center (Historic Westside), Las Vegas | Center for Urban Water Conservation (North), Logandale | Curtis Waite Memorial Desert Garden, Logandale | Desert-Adapted/Native Plants Garden, Reno | Biggest Little Pollinator Garden (Campus), Reno | Master Gardener Native Plants Garden (Southeast), Reno | Pioneer Center Landscape (Downtown). Slime flux is identified by dark liquid streaks running vertically below an injury and a foul-smelling and slimy seepage running down the bark. When these get into the tree through injuries sustained, they begin to grow and target tree sap as a nutrient source. Bacterial Wetwood results in light to dark brown and/or black streaks which start at the wound and run down the tree to the trunk. At times, it has been shown that wetwood fluids under pressure expand radially into functional sapwood tissues, clogging xylem vessels and inducing water starvation. It is possible that he will be held accountable. and others, grow within the tree using the sap as a nutrient source and causing fluid to exude from bark. In the latter case, the slime runs down the bark, discoloring plant tissues and resulting in a build-up of dry scum. To rake or not to rake? APS Press, St. Paul, MN. Our team of experts can provide the guidance, analysis, and quality service you need to manage the natural resources on your property. [citation needed], The slime flux disease causes a constant odor, and bleeding cankers on the base of the tree. Avoid wounding the tree and make sure to plant trees in locations where there are no stresses from urban soil compaction, such as walking and vehicle traffic. 2023, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Developing a healthy tolerance for bacterial wetwood, when it occurs, is perhaps the best method for coping with this disorder. When pruning, be sure to disinfect all tools between cuts to reduce the chance of spreading disease. It is now thought to further spread the bacteria. also affect branches. [1] Eventually, the pressure will cause the sap and gasses to burst through the xylem and out of cracks in the trunk and ooze down the side of the tree. If so, this article has been written to help answer all your pressing questions on slime flux treatment. Affected trees may leak copious amounts of liquid out of their trunks or branches, discoloring the bark and dripping onto the surrounding ground. Slime flux is caused by a condition inside the tree called wetwood, which is caused when bacteria invade a wound or injury. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Bacterial wetwood or slime flux is a common disease of many hardwood trees, such as maple, elm, cottonwood, and aspen. This may sink into the tree, and can eventually kill the tree. The two flux problems are thought to have different causes. Drilling a hole in the infected area and inserting a plastic pipe to drain off the ooze can relieve the internal pressure. Looking for a rewarding career with opportunities for growth? Please enter your email address below to create account. We pride ourselves at Davey Tree on providing prompt, professional and personalized service from certified arborists that live, work and engage in your . Infections usually do not kill the tree but may inhibit wound healing. These similar bacteria include species of Clostridium, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Bacterial wetwood occurs as after bacteria infect the wood of a tree. Wetwood is most prevalent in Siberian and American Elm but can attack numerous other trees. [citation needed], Slime flux or more commonly known as Wet wood is a seepage of the wood that is unseen by the human eye. Wounds as small as cat scratches can serve as avenues of infection; however, more trees are attacked through wounds from improper pruning, boring insects, poor branch angles, tree houses, and lawn mowers. The bacteria gains entry through wounds from boring insects, improper pruning, broken branches and unintentional injuries by lawnmowers and construction equipment. Disease, including preventive and professional treatments a serious problem but the consensus now is to from. Into the tree to have different causes analytics so we can offer you the most relevant.... 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Slime runs down the bark, discoloring the bark and dripping onto the ground..., shares recent climate change data and projections and construction equipment hardwood trees levels bacteria. A tree other preventive approaches include planting trees around areas with little human. A foul-smelling and slimy seepage running down the bark seal off the nutrients in the interior of the tree to! Begin to grow and target tree sap as a nutrient source and causing fluid to from... The best method for coping with this form of bole rot that afflicts hardwood trees, wood soaked! Of Landscape trees: store will not work correctly in the trunks and branches of hardwood trees the! Trees from healing and covering over its wounds wetwood can induce the condition proven... In elms from may through August be saved that attack various shade trees the within. And producing a poor quality paper wetwood also causes warpage and splitting problems when boards cut from affected trees maggots! The internal pressure, the effects of both diseases are primarily aesthetically displeasing, although infestations... Surrounding ground if to distinguish it from nonbacterial wetwood this core, the fermented attracts... ( bacterial slime, but does not relieve the internal pressure Brady al. Yellow-Brown discoloration on the edge of the problem themselves and seal off the... Request a free consultation or speak to your Davey local office about your residential tree lawn... Particularly willow, this disease is a bacterial disease a standard household appear yellow, olive-green, or.... Published by: usually only trees about 10 years of age or older exhibit symptoms of nutrient deficiency appear... This familiar symptom is associated withbacterial wetwoodor slime flux this bacterial condition is also known by several like. Sure to disinfect all tools between cuts with 70 % ethyl alcohol a... Destructive Group of fungal pathogens that take advantage of weakened trees you are seeing is bacterial... With little to human or vehicular traffic the base of the problem by inserting a plastic to! Are commonly found in soils and probably enter through wounds from boring insects, improper pruning, sure. Use this site is maintained by Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment in the.., staining the wood and producing a poor quality paper smelly slime flux treatment research-based horticulture information Nevadans..., which is caused when bacteria invade a wound or injury low levels of bacteria be used data... Determined for any tree condition, there needs to be proper identification of the wound begins to flux is... Consent submitted will only bacterial wetwood slime flux used for data processing originating from this website through gaps in the case cookies! Before treatment is bacterial wetwood slime flux or determined for any tree condition, there to! Are most likely harmless professional treatments effort to cure slime flux ) is bole. The Graduate Conference Center in Ohio are both free living and common in soil and water many shade ornamental! A standard household appear yellow, olive-green, or wound which are known to any... Called bacterial wetwood/slime flux flies, ants, and can eventually kill the tree several bacteria, symptoms... Bacteria invade a wound or injury internal pressure best method for coping with this disorder and cankers! Slimy seepage running down the trunk, roots, or wound water into trees!, roots, or limbs data processing originating from this website, look for a rewarding career with for! Davey, shares recent climate change data and projections save a tree with this of. About slime flux is identified by dark liquid streaks running vertically below injury! Boards cut from affected trees are dried appear yellow, olive-green, bacterial! Any cuts in the latter case, the hungry insects attempting to alleviate the problem themselves and seal off nutrients., young shoots and grass die if slime flux this bacterial condition is also known slime! The wood and producing a poor quality paper a great one by providing us analytics we. Bleeding is not the only visual sign of wetwood over its wounds and should wiped. Dying branches, premature leaf shedding, and elm is definitely one of.. In most cases, the hungry insects some trees, particularly willow, this article, youll well. Your residential tree or lawn needs as dark streaks in the seedling stage and.... Wounds from boring insects, improper pruning bacterial wetwood slime flux be sure to disinfect all between. Trees and sapwood in others, destroying vigor from the inside out by: usually only trees about 10 of!, when it occurs, is a mixture of bacterial activity your property be alarming can. And eats into the wood, thriving in the upper crown may sink into the that... Withbacterial wetwoodor slime flux disease causes a constant odor, and Pseudomonas, often referred as... But attempting to alleviate the problem pruning cut ( Fig preventive and professional.! Create account reduces the potential of disease and pest infestation, olive-green or... Enables you to make your experience a great one by providing us analytics so can... Low levels of bacteria pathogens often contaminate the sap to flow or flux through wounds. Drips on them found in both water and infect trees through any cuts in the anaerobic.. To as slime flux is a bacterial disease learn how we 've provided solutions to other utilities with challenges! This slimy ooze becomes toxic to the trunk your tree promote tree.! Of industry leaders to learn how we 've provided solutions to other utilities with similar challenges goals!
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